The Archbishop assumed that such people must be dangerous, although he found it difficult to get any blatantly incorrect answers from Girardus – and Girardus was eager to answer all his questions. “had come into Italy from some unknown part of the world.” Nevertheless he seems to have had access to an interrogation of the group’s spokesman, Girardus, which (or parts of which) he included in his account, – perhaps with considerable embellishments. The chronicler, Landolfo Seniore, may be a poor witness for two reasons: he was writing a long time after the event, and his aim was clearly to glorify Ariberto. The whole affair at Monforte may have had as much to do with the capture of a strategically useful strong-point as with concerns over doctrine. Archbishop Ariberto was particularly ambitious, later even training and commanding his own army, and he was very keen to assert his authority in all parts of his huge province (of 18 dioceses). The senior clergy were all drawn from the noble families of the city and were very successful at increasing the power and the wealth of the Church and of themselves at the same time. The incident must have occurred between 10, as Ariberto was Archbishop from 1018-1045 and the Bishop of Asti who led the expeditions against the castle was in office from 1018-1034.Īt this time Milano, respected as an early centre of Christianity, was a city of wealth and independence, commanding both north-south and east-west trade routes through Lombardy. In this version, Ariberto took the heretics as prisoners to Milano, where many of them were burned, not by the Archbishop, but by the leading citizens. Raoul Glaber seems to have known nothing about their religious practices, because he said they worshipped idols like pagans, and performed disgusting sacrifices with Jews! He ended with stories of demons and devils.Īccording to an Italian chronicler called Landolfo Seniore, who was working in Milano, the Archbishop of Milano, Ariberto, heard about the heresy on a visit to the Bishop of Torino, and had a long interview with one of the Monforte heretics named Girardus. They tried to convert the heretics, but had to burn the most recalcitrant at the stake, because the heretics would rather be martyred than give up their way of worshipping God. According to the chronicler, Raoul Glaber, it occurred at Monforte in the diocese of Asti, and was discovered by the ruler of Torino and his brother, the bishop of Asti. If you're giving it as a gift, pair your Precious Moments figurine with the right Hallmark greeting card and gift wrap to take it to the next level.This piece looks briefly at a second case of possibly illuminist heresy in the 11th century. Shop for hundreds of figurines and other home decor items. Precious Moments Christmas ornaments adorning your tree provide an extra touch of holiday spirit for any collector, along with Nativity and other Christmas-themed figurines. ![]() Pair bride and groom figurines for a Precious Moments wedding cake topper. Whether you're offering encouragement, honoring the loss of a loved one with a sympathy gift, or commemorating a major life event like a graduation or anniversary, Precious Moments figures, picture frames, snow globes or wall plaques will put a smile on your face. The multitude of angels and other religious figurines as well as crosses make a gift perfect to commemorate a baptism or First Communion. Collecting the Disney Princesses or the animals in Precious Moments birthday train makes a fun yearly tradition. These hand-painted, sweet-faced figures bring to life favorite Disney characters, from Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse to Disney fairies. Their artistry and attention to detail make them a favorite for collectors around the world. With their enormous eyes and angelic expressions, the child-like porcelain figurines have been capturing hearts for more than four decades. Few collectible figurines are as widely known as Precious Moments.
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